Fate of a Believer vs a non-Believer: Now and Hereafter

In the words of RasoolAllah (saww) collected by Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah:

"When a believing slave is reaching the end of his term in the life of this world and the beginning of his term in the Hereafter, a group of angels, whose faces are white and as radiant as the sun, will descend unto him from heaven. They will carry with them white shroud (clothing) fro Paradise, and fragrance for enshrouding from Paradise. They will sit as far from him as the sight goes. 

Then, the angel of death, will come until he sits right next to his head, saying, "O, good and pure soul! Depart (your body) to Allah's forgiveness and pleasure."

So the soul flows (out of its body), just as the drop flows out from the tip of the jug, and the angel of death captures it. When he captures the soul, they (the group of angels) will seize it and wrap it in that shroud, and in that fragrance. A most pleasant musk scent ever found on the earth, will flow out of the soul, and the angels will ascend it (to heaven). The angels passing by will ask, "Whose is this Tayyib (good) soul?" The angel ascending with it will reply, "Such person, the son of such and such person," - calling him by the best of names that he used to be called in the world. 

They will reach the lower heavenand will ask that its door be opened for him, and it will be opened for them. The best residents of every heaven will then see him to the next heaven, until he is brought to the 7th heaven.

Allah, the Exalted and Ever High, will say, "List my servant's record in Illiyyin and send him back to earth, for I have created them from it, and into it I shall return them, and from it I shall bring them out once again."

The soul will be joined with its body, and two angels will come to him, sit him up and ask him, "Who is your Lord?" He will reply, "Allah is my Lord." They will ask him, "What is your religion?" He will say, "My religion is Islam." They will ask, "What do you say about this man (Prophet Mohammad pbuh) who was sent to you?" He will say, "He is the Messenger of Allah." They will ask him, "And what proof do you have about it?" He will say, "I read the Book of Allah (the Quran), and had faith and belief in him."

Then a caller (Allah) will herald from heaven, "My servant has said the truth. Therefore, furnish him from Paradise, and let him wear from the clothes of Paradise, and open a door for him to Paradise."

So he is given from Paradise's tranquility and good scent, and his grave will be expanded for him as far as his sight can reach. 

Then, a man, with a handsome face and handsome clothes and whose scent is pleasant, will come to him, saying, "Receive the glad tidings with that which pleases you. This is the Day which you were promised." He will ask him, "Who are you; for yours is the face that carries the good news?" He will answer, "I am your good works." He will say, "O Lord! Hurry up with the commencement of the Hour, so I can return to my family and wealth."

Coming up... Fate of the non-Believer

Ahmad 4:287, Sunan Abu Dawud 3:546, An-Nasai 4:78, Ibn Majah 1:494